unit01, studia, uni [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
//-->1What are you like?Words and phrasesLead in1.1 sensitivity/%sens@"tIv@ti/ (n)the ability to understand otherpeople’s feelings◆Withoutsensitivity to the needs of childrenyou can’t be a good teacher.sensitive (adj), sensitively (adv)1.7 compromise/"kQmpr@maIz/ (n)a solution where people agreeto give up part of what theywanted so that they are bothhappy compromise (v)◆Afterlengthy talks the two sides finallyreached a compromise.1.14 cautious/"kO:S@s/ (adj)careful about what you say or doin order not to make mistakes ortake risks◆Having been bitten byone as a child, Mark was alwayscautious around dogs.caution (n),cautiously (adv)1.8 logical/"lQÙIkl/ (adj)thinking about things in anorganised and sensible waylogic (n), logically (adv)1.15 inquisitive/In"kwIz@tIv/ (adj)very interested in finding out aboutdifferent things, asking a lot ofquestions◆Cats have a reputationfor being inquisitive, and often getinto trouble because of it.inquisitiveness (n), inquisitively(adv)1.2 brutally/"bru:t@li/ (adv)directly and clearly said or writtenabout sth unpleasant◆I wasbrutally frank with him and toldhim that his new hairstyle madehim look much older.brutality(n), brute (n), brutal (adj), brutish(adj)These derivatives are morecommonly used about physicalviolence.1.9 mature/m@"ÍU@(r)/ (adj)behaving in a sensible way likean adult◆It wasn’t very matureof you to laugh when that manslipped over on a banana.maturity (n), maturely (adv)1.16 assemble/@"sembl/ (v)put the separate pieces of sthtogether, esp. furniture or productsin factories. assembler (n)1.10 decisive/dI"saIsIv/ (adj)making decisions quickly andwith confidence◆If you are firstat the scene of an accident, takingdecisive action may save someone’slife.decision (n), decisiveness(n), decide (v), decisively (adv)1.3 tactful/"t&ktfl/ (adj)careful not to say anything thatwill annoy or upset people◆It wasn’t very tactful of you toask Tom about Kate – she left himlast week for his best friend.tact (n), tactfully (adv)1.17 scan/sk&n/ (v)look for particular information,usu. quickly but also carefullyscanner (n)1.18 set aside/%set @"saId/ (phr v)leave sth until later, not look at sth1.11 motivated/"m@UtIveItId/ (adj)wanting to succeed◆a highlymotivated studentmotivation(n), motivator (n), motivate (v),motivational (adj)1.4 break out/%breIk "aUt/ (phr v)begin suddenly, usu. sth unpleasantsuch as an argument, a fight or warbreak out (n)1.19 leap in/%li:p "In/ (phr v)start doing sth quickly withoutspending a long time thinkingfirst◆If only you’d listened to thewhole question before you leapt inand gave the wrong answer, wemight have won the quiz!1.5 get on with sth/%get "Qn wID/ (phr v)continue doing sth that you havestarted or start sth that you wereabout to do◆If there are nofurther questions, can you get onwith the test please?1.12 tend (to do sth)/tend/ (v)happen usually or often◆Although usually at work on timethe rest of the week, he tends toarrive late on Mondays.tendency(n)1.20 stuck/stVk/ (adj)not able to continue because sth isdifficult◆None of us completed thewhole exam because we got stuckon the last question.stick (v)1.13 mingle/"mINgl/ (v)move around and talk to differentpeople in a group, usually at aparty◆Don’t just stand there onyour own! Go and mingle with theother guests!1.6 take the side of/%teIk D@ "saId @v/ (phr)feel or express support for sb in anargument or discussionWhenused with a name, this is more oftentake sides with sb, take sb’s side:Whenever there’s a disagreement,you always take Helen’s/her side.CAE Result © Oxford University Press11.21 efficient/I"fISnt/(adj)doing sth well without wastingtime, money or energy◆It’s not anefficient use of energy to have theheating on and the windows open.efficiency (n), efficiently (adv)1.28 imply/Im"plaI/ (v)suggest without saying so directly◆Do you think Alan was implyingthat I’ll never be considered for thesales job? If so, I wish he wouldjust say so and explain why.Also: make it seem likely that sthis true or exists implication (n)1.37 recruitment/rI"kru:tm@nt/ (n)finding new people for a companyor organisation◆After what feltlike a disastrous interview, shewas amazed when the recruitmentofficer called to invite her the job.recruit (n, v)Recruit(v) has ageneral meaning but(new) recruit(n) is more commonly a (new)member of the armed forces.1.22 inventive/In"ventIv/ (adj)able to think of new andinteresting ideas◆I used to lovespending weekends with my uncle,he was a very inventive man whomade up all sorts of games for usto play.invention (n), inventor(n), inventiveness (n), invent (v),inventively (adv)1.29 come up with/%kVm "Vp wID/ (phr v)produce, usu. results or ideas1.38 assess/@"ses/(v)make a judgement about thenature or quality of sthassessment (n), assessor (n)1.30 tedious/"ti:di@s/ (adj)very boring(adv)tedium (n), tediously1.23 hardly (any)/"hA:dli/ (adv)almost no/not/none, etc.Hardlyany of the survivors of the Titanicdisaster were still alive at the startof this century.◆1.31 trait/treIt/ (n)particular quality that sth orsb has, esp. personality◆Myhusband’s worst trait is hisinability to make decisions.1.39 indicator/"IndIkeIt@(r)/ (n)measurement or value that showssth clearly◆These sales figures area clear indicator of the company’sprogress.indication (n), indicate(v), indicative (adj)1.32 inherit/In"herIt/ (v)Reading1.24 relate (to)/rI"leIt/ (v)be connected with sth◆Pete’spoint is irrelevant because itdoesn’t relate to the same issue.relation (n)With people, thepassive is used to mean belongingto the same family:Accordingto my grandfather, our family isrelated to a famous Army general.relation (n), relative (n)be born with qualities or physicalfeatures that are similar to those ofyour parents or grandparents, etc.Also: receive money or property,etc. after a person has died.inheritance (n), inheritor (n)1.40 mushroom/"mVSrUm/ (v)rapidly grow or increase in number◆Small shops are struggling withbig out-of-town shopping centresmushrooming all over the country.1.41 combine/k@m"baIn/ (v)come together to form a singlething combination (n)1.33 counter-productive/%kaUnt@ pr@"dVktIv/ (adj)achieving the opposite effect towhat you had planned◆Negotiations with the men whohad taken the hostages provedcounter-productive as they onlyincreased their demands.1.42 virtually/"v3:Íu@li/ (adv)very nearly (but not quite)◆It’s virtually impossible to keepyour eyes open when you sneeze.virtual (adj)1.25 eliminate/I"lImIneIt/ (v)remove sth that you don’t need◆Two suspects have beeneliminated from the policeinvestigation.elimination (n)1.34 strengthen/"streNT@n/ (v)make sth stronger strength (n),strong (adj), strongly (adv)1.43 dating agency/"deItIN %eIÙ@nsi/ (n)organisation that arranges meetingsbetween single people who arelooking for a relationship1.26 body/"bQdi/ (n)organisation or group of peoplewho work or act together for anofficial purpose1.35 self-image/%self "ImIdZ/ (n)idea you have of yourself, esp.your appearance or abilities1.44 swear by/"swe@ baI/ (phr v)believe that sth can be relied uponto have a particular effect◆Mygrandmother swears by lemon andhoney to cure a sore throat.1.27 justify/"dZVstIfaI/ (v)show that sth is right or reasonable◆My son really wanted to seeManchester United play, but Icouldn’t justify spending thatamount on a ticket for a footballmatch.justification (n)Finding the real you1.36 psychometric/%saIk@"metrIk/ (adj)used to measure mental abilitiesand ways of thinking◆Manymore firms use psychometrictests at interview these days tomeasure candidates’ strengths andweaknesses.1.45 will/wIl/ (n)ability to control your thoughtsand feelings to achieve what youwant to do◆Jane had the willand the skills needed to succeedwith her venture but she neededfinancial support to get thingsgoing.will (v)2CAE Result © Oxford University Press1.46 be shipwrecked/%bI "SIprekt/ (v)be left somewhere after the shipin which you were sailing hassunk or been destroyed◆Thecrew of a British ship shipwreckedoff the coast of Africa managed toswim to land.shipwreck (n),shipwrecked (adj)1.54 alienate/"eIli@neIt/ (v)make sb feel that they are notpart of sth◆Despite belonging tothe golf club for years, Ron wasalienated by all but a few membersonce he had gone bankrupt.alienation (n)1.62 frivolous/"frIv@l@s/ (adj)silly, not very important in thesituation◆Sorry, I shouldn’t havemade that suggestion about goingby helicopter. I was being frivolous.frivolity (n), frivolously (adv)1.63 diligently/"dIlIÙ@ntli/ (adv)showing a lot of care and effort inyour work◆Dot worked diligentlyall her life but never realised howmuch it was appreciated until theday of her leaving party.diligence (n), diligent (adj)1.55 hi-tech/%haI "tek/ (adj)using the most modern machinesand equipmentThis can also bespelthigh-tech.1.47 statistically/st@"tIstIkli/ (adv)according to information shownby numbers◆This drug has beenstatistically proven to work in 99%of cases.statistician (n), statistics(n pl), statistical (adj)1.56 intimate/"IntIm@t/ (adj)private and personal◆If you’rereferring to my divorce, I’m notprepared to discuss an intimatematter like that.intimacy (n),intimately (adv)1.64 blot/blQt/ (n)spot or mark, often of inkblot (v)1.48 appeal/@"pi:l/ (n)quality that makes sb/sth attractiveor interesting appeal (v),appealing (adj), appealingly (adv)1.65 nostalgic/nQ"st&lÙIk/(adj)causing you to think affectionately,or feeling affectionately about yourpast◆Visiting the town where I’dgrown up 50 years earlier made mefeel very nostalgic.nostalgia (n),nostalgically (adv)1.57 anonymous/@"nQnIm@s/ (adj)sth which does not reveal who youare◆Don’t worry. Your commentswill remain anonymous and yourfeedback will be handled in thestrictest confidence.anonymity(n), anonymously (adv)1.49 premise/"premIs/ (n)idea that forms the basis for atheory◆This philosophy is basedon the premise that deep down weare all good.Most commonlyused with the definite article. Donot confuse this withpremises(npl), the buildings that a companyuses.1.66 blazing/"bleIzIN/ (adj)full of strong angry emotion, noisy◆We had a blazing argument lastnight and we still aren’t speakingto each other.blaze (n, v)1.58 compulsive/k@m"pVlsIv/ (adj)making you pay attention, becausesth is so interesting and exciting◆That new reality show iscompulsive viewing! I can’t turn itoff!compulsion (n), compulsively(adv)compulsivecan also havea negative meaning:a compulsiveliar.Do not confuse this withcompulsory,sth that you must do.1.50 mate/meIt/ (n)partner, such as husband or wifemating (n), mate (v)Thederivatives are only used of animals.1.67 row/raU/ (n)noisy argumentrow (v)1.68 account (for)/@"kaUnt/ (phr v)◆1.51 subconscious/sVb"kQnS@s/ (adj)connected with feelings that we arenot aware of but that change howwe behave the/your subconscious(n), subconsciously (adv)1.59 hooked on/"hUkt %Qn/ (adj)liking something so much that youwant to do it as much as possible◆Igor had been hooked on chessfrom a very young age and playedevery day.be or give an explanation for sthPerhaps the bad weatheraccounted for the poor attendanceat the festival.very big◆There was a massiveincrease in applications foruniversity places the year beforetuition fees were due to beintroduced.When referring topeople,massivegenerally has thenegative meaning ofextremely fat.massively (adv)1.69 massive/"m&sIv/ (adj)1.52 materialise/m@"tI@ri@laIz/ (v)start to exist as hoped or expected◆The good weather that we hadbeen promised failed to materialise.materialisation (n)1.60 aspect/"&spekt/ (n)one of the parts of sth’s natureor character◆The only aspect ofthe job I never enjoyed was whencustomers had complaints.1.53 vehicle/"vi:@kl/ (n)sth that can be used to expressyour feelings or ideas, or as a wayof achieving sth1.70 decidedly/dI"saIdIdli/ (adv)definitely and very obviously◆Iwas upset by her remark, which wasdecidedly hurtful.decided (adj)1.61 mundane/mVn"deIn/ (adj)not interesting or exciting, oftenused to describe a job or how youfeel about your life mundanity (n)CAE Result © Oxford University Press31.71 seduce/sI"dju:s/ (v)persuade sb to do sth that theywould not normally do by makingit seem attractive◆Kate left thecompany at the peak of her career,seduced by the idea of living inthe country.Also means topersuade sb, in a pleasant andtempting way, to have sex withthem. seducer (n), seduction (n),seductive (adj), seductively (adv)1.80 public relations/%pVblIk rI"leISnz/ (n)the business of giving informationabout a company or organisationto create a good impression◆The company’s demand forcompensation from one of theworld’s poorest nations wasdescribed as ‘a public relationsdisaster’.1.90 all the same/%O:l D@ "seIm/ (idm)despite this1.91 sub-industry/"sVb %Ind@stri/ (n)business activity that has onlystarted because another situationcreated the demand1.92 cheat/Íi:t/ (v)act in a dishonest way to get anadvantage, especially in a game,exam, etc. cheat (n)1.81 mutter/"mVt@(r)/ (v)◆1.72 insight/"InsaIt/ (n)ability to understand people orsituations accuratelyOften◆There was anused withinto sth.excellent documentary on TV lastnight which gave a real insight intohow the Romans lived from day today.insightful (adj)talk quietly in a negative wayIf you’ve got a problem with anyof this, come out and say it. Don’tjust sit there muttering.mutter(n), muttering (n)in a threatening or unpleasant waydarkness (n), dark (adj)1.93 spring up/%sprIN "Vp/ (phr v)appear suddenly, begin to exist◆After the Bruce Lee films werefirst shown in cinemas, kung-fu clubs seemed to spring upeverywhere overnight.1.82 darkly/"dA:kli/ (adv)1.73 span/sp&n/ (v)stretch across from one thing toanother◆The second bridge tospan the River Tejo in Lisbon wascompleted just in time for EXPO 98.span (n)1.83 agreeable/@"gri:@bl/ (adj)pleasant and easy to likeagreeably (adv)1.94 fake/feIk/ (v)make sth false appear to begenuine, especially in order tocheat sb fake (n)1.84 conscientious/%kQnSi"@nS@s/ (adj)careful and concerned to do thingscorrectly◆Mark has contributedwell in class and maintained ahigh standard in his homework.He is a most conscientiouspupil.conscientiousness (n),conscientiously (adv)1.95 miserable/"mIzr@bl/ (adj)making you feel, or feeling, veryunhappy and uncomfortablemisery (n), miserably (adv)1.74 gulf/gVlf/ (n)big difference◆Mother Teresa’swork focused on reducing the gulfbetween the rich and the poor.1.96 obsession/@b"seSn/ (n)state of mind where sb thinkstoo much and too often about aparticular thing or person in away that is not normal obsess(v), obsessive (adj), obsessively(adv), obsessed (adj)Usuallyobsession/be obsessed with sth,obsess/be obsessive about sth: Shewon’t stop talking about hair colourand make-up. She’s constantlyobsessing about her appearance.1.75 cult/kVlt/ (n)sth fashionable or popular amongsta specific group of people withsimilar interests and tastes1.85 downside/"daUnsaId/ (n)disadvantage or negative aspect ofsth◆It’s much quicker by train,but the downside is that it’s muchmore expensive.1.76 corporation/%kO:p@"reISn/ (n)large company or businesscorporate (adj)1.77 predisposition/%pri:dIsp@"zISn/ (n)a tendency to behave or thinkin a particular way◆Accordingto scientists women have apredisposition to use the right handside of their brain more than mendo.predispose (v)1.86 get on/%get "Qn/ (phr v)succeed1.87 overly/"@Uv@li/ (adv)too, excessively1.97 invade/In"veId/ (v)enter somewhere in such largenumbers that it causes a probleminvader (n), invasion (n),invasive (adj), invasively (adv)1.88 prone (to sth, to do sth)/pr@Un/ (adj)likely to suffer from or do sthnegative◆You’ll find that this caris far less prone to battery failurethan that old thing you had before.1.78 intuitive/In"tju:@tIv/ (adj)able to understand sth withoutknowing the facts intuition (n),intuitively (adv)1.98 wardrobe/"wO:dr@Ub/ (n)collection of clothes that sb wears◆Maria assured me that it wascommon in her country to commenton what people wore, but I foundher comments on my wardrobeintensely irritating.Also theitem of furniture in which youhang clothes.1.89 burn out/%b3:n "aUt/ (phr v)work so hard that you are unableto carry on◆Charlie has alwaysworked too hard. He’ll be burnt outby 50.burnout (n)1.79 perceptive/p@"septIv/ (adj)able to notice things that arenot obvious perception (n),perceptively (adv), perceive (v)4CAE Result © Oxford University Press1.99 self-centred/%self "sent@d/ (adj)thinking only of yourself and notabout the needs and feelings ofothers self-centredness (n)Grammar1.107 as a rule/@z @ "ru:l/ (phr)what usually happens◆I don’tnormally drink coffee as a rule, butI really fancy one at the moment.1.117 laid-back/%leId "b&k/ (adj)relaxed, not worrying about anything1.100 navel gazing/"neIvl %geIzIN/ (n)thinking too much about a singleissue and not doing anythingpractical about it or consideringthe wider situationMeaningliterally to look at yournavel,the small hollow or lump in yourstomach where the umbilical cordwas cut.Listening1.118 carried away (with sth)/%k&rId @"weI/ (idm)so excited by, or involved in, sththat you don’t, e.g. notice anythingelse that is happening around you1.108 praise/preIz/ (n)the act of expressing approval oradmiration◆Mandy deserves a lotof praise for being first in her class.praise (v)1.109 outfit/"aUtfIt/ (n)set of clothes that you weartogether, usu. for a particularoccasion or purpose◆Hundredsof pounds are spent on weddingoutfits, and that’s not even for thebride and groom! It’s madness!outfitter (n), outfit (v)1.119 babble (on about sth)/"b&bl/ (v)talk quickly, hardly stoppingbabble (n)1.101 disabuse (sb of sth)/%dIs@"bju:z/ (v)tell sb that what they think is trueis in fact not true◆If you believethat there are sufficient fundsfor your proposed project, let medisabuse you of that notion. Weneed a much cheaper alternative.Formal1.120 a mixed bag/@ %mIkst "b&g/ (n)group of people or things that arevery different.With people,this is more often used when themixture is surprising. Referring tothings rather than people, a mixedbag often means a mixture of goodand bad things.1.110 manual/"m&nju@l/ (n)book of instructions for how to dosth or use sth1.102 illusion/I"lu:Zn/ (n)sth that seems to exist but doesnot illusionist (n), illusory (adj)1.111 put in/%pUt "In/ (phr v)◆1.103 potential/p@"tenSl/ (n)the necessary qualities for sth todevelop or for sb to succeed at sth◆Tim can imitate people brilliantlyand has the potential to become asuccessful comedian.potential(adj), potentially (adv)spend, e.g. time or effort on sthJames had put in eight hours’work a day on the garden allsummer, but there was still a lot todo.input (n)1.121 you could haveknocked me down with afeather/j@ kUd @v %nQkt mi%daUn wID @ "feD@(r)/ (idm)used to express surprise, usu. with apleasant surprise rather than a nastyshockThe only part of the idiomthat changes is the object pronoun,which can be any person singularor plural (thoughmeis morecommon).Youdoes not change.1.112 detest/dI"test/ (v)hate detestation (n), detestable(adj), detestably (adv)1.104 so be it/%s@U "bi: It/ (idm)used to show that you acceptsth and will not try to or cannotchange it1.113 fund/fVnd/ (n)money saved or made available fora specific purpose fund (v)1.114 blossom/"blQs@m/ (n)flower on a tree or bush before thefruit appears blossom (v)1.122 at a loose end/@t @ %lu:s "end/ (phr)not having anything to do and notknowing what you want to doVocabulary1.105 withdrawn/wID"drO:n/ (adj)not wanting to speak to otherpeople1.115 or so/%O: "s@U/ (idm)approximately, aboutAlwaysused after the noun phrase towhich it refers1.123 workwise/"w3:kwaIz/ (adv)concerning work, esp. to contrastwith another area of your life◆Workwise, things have beengoing well, but we’ve had a lot ofproblems with the house.Thesuffix-wisecan be added to othernouns to meanconcerning,e.g.musicwise, healthwise1.116 as regards/@z rI"gA:dz/ (idm)referring to sth (or sb), oftenintroducing an idea in a generalway before you go on to talkabout it in more detail◆Our hotelin Athens is already booked. Asregards travel arrangements, Jenny’slooking into the possibility of earlymorning flights from Heathrow.1.106 self-reliant/%self rI"laI@nt/ (adj)able to do things by yourself ratherthan depending on other peopleself-reliance (n)1.124 inspired (by)/In"spaI@d/ (adj)given fresh ideas, confidence andenthusiasm (to do sth)inspiration (n), inspire (v)CAE Result © Oxford University Press5 [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]