us-information-operations-planners-aide-2003, Wikileaks, Compleat Wikileaks Archive, Misc [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
1
st
IO CMD (Land)
IO Planner’s Aid
IO and MDMP
Information
IPB
MDMP
Step
IO
Focus
IPB Step
IO Focus
Analysis Product
Define the
Information
Environment
Key Definitions
Information Operations
: (IO) The employment of the
core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer
network operations, psychological operations, military
deception, and operations security, in concert with
specified supporting and related capabilities, to affect
or defend information and information systems, and to
influence decision making. (FM 3-13)
Information Environment:
The aggregate of
individuals, organizations, or systems that collect,
process, or disseminate information; also included is
the information itself. (FM 3-0)
Information Superiority
: The operational advantage
derived from the ability to collect, process, and
disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while
exploiting or denying an adversary's ability to do the
same. (FM 3-0)
Receipt of
Mission
•
Conduct initial assessment of info op
•
Determine IO planning requirements
Define the
Battlefield
Combined Information
Overlay
- Significant
characteristics of the
info environment &
effects on operations
•
Understand IO situation
•
Analyze HHQ information operation
•
Define & analyze the info environment and
threat
•
Develop IO mission statement & objectives
•
Seek commander’s IO guidance
Mission
Analysis
Describe the
Battlefield’s
Effects
Describe the
Information
Environment’s
Effects
COA
Development
•
ID friendly IO capabilities & vulnerabilities
•
Develop IO concept of support
Threat COG Analysis
-
Critical vulnerabilities
Threat Templates
- Who
makes decisions; what
nodes, links, & systems
the threat uses; how
info assets are employed
COA
Analysis
•
Visualize operations in the info environment
•
Wargame IO concept of support against
how the enemy will employ its information
systems and assets
Evaluate
the Threat
Evaluate the
Threats’ Info
System
COA
Comparison
•
Analyze & evaluate IO support to each
COA
COA
Approval
Orders
Production
•
Finalize details of the information operation
Determine
Threat Actions
in the Info
Environment
Information SITEMP
-
When, where, & why
the threat will seek to
gain info superiority
•
Prepare IO annex & input to base
order/plan
Determine
Threat COAs
Updated by EWA IIT (Garry Beavers) November 2003
Centers of Gravity (COG)
COG Analysis Steps
Validity Testing for COGs
COG
1. Identify potential threat COGs. Visualize the threat as a system of
functional components. Based upon how the threat organizes,
fights, makes decisions, and its physical and psychological
strengths and weaknesses, select the threat’s primary source of
moral or physical strength, power, and resistance.
2. Identify Critical Capabilities (CC). Each COG is analyzed to
determine what primary abilities (functions) the threat possesses in
the context of the battlefield and friendly mission that can prevent
friendly forces from accomplishing the mission. Each identified CC
must relate to the COG, otherwise it is not critical in the context of
the analysis.
3. Identify Critical Requirements (CRs) for each CC. A CR is a
condition, resource, or means that enables threat functions or
mission. CRs are usually tangible elements such as
communications means, weapons systems, or even geographical
areas or features. There may be more than one CR per CC.
4. Identify Critical Vulnerabilities (CVs) for each CR. A CV is a CR, or
component of a CR, which is vulnerable to attack or influence. As
the hierarchy of CRs, and CVs are developed, inter-relationships
and overlapping between the factors are sought in order to identify
CRs and CVs that support more than one CC. When selecting
CVs, CV analysis is conducted to pair CVs against friendly
capabilities.
9
Will destruction, neutralization, or substantial weakening of the
COG result in changing the threat’s COA or denying its objective?
9
Does the friendly force have the resources and capability to
accomplish destruction or neutralization of the threat COG? If the
answer is “no”, then the threat’s identified critical factors must be
reviewed for other critical vulnerabilities, or planners must
reassess how to attack the previously identified critical
vulnerabilities with additional resources.
COG Analysis
Hierarchy
CC
CC
CC
CR
CR
CR
CR
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
Definitions
Center of Gravity (COG)
: Primary source of moral or
physical strength, power, and resistance.
Critical Capability (CC)
: Primary abilities which merit a
COG to be identified as such in the context of a given
scenario, situation, or mission.
Critical Requirement (CR)
: Essential conditions,
resources, and means for a critical capability to be fully
operative.
Criteria for CV Analysis (CARVER)
•
C
riticality. An estimate of the CVs importance to the enemy. A
vulnerability will significantly influence the enemy’s ability to
conduct or support operations.
•
A
ccessibility. A determination of whether the CV is accessible to
the friendly force in time and place.
•
R
ecuperability. An evaluation of how much effort, time, &
resources the enemy must expend if the CV is successfully
affected.
•
V
ulnerability. A determination of whether the friendly force has
the means or capability to affect the CV.
•
E
ffect. A determination of the extent of the effect achieved if the
CV is successfully exploited.
•
R
ecognizability. A determination if the CV, once selected for
exploitation, can be identified during the operation by the friendly
force, and can be assessed for the impact of the exploitation.
Critical Vulnerability (CV)
: Critical requirements (or
components thereof) which are deficient or vulnerable to
attack or influence in a manner achieving decisive
results.
 Example Combined Information Overlay
Example IO Mission and Objectives
(Tactical Corps mission)
Defensive IO Effects
EFFECTS DESCRIPTIVE EXPLANATION
PROTECTION
Actions taken to guard against espionage or
capture of sensitive equipment and information.
Significant characteristics of each information
sub-environment
IO Mission: On order, XX Corps IO disrupts 1st Operational
Strategic Command (OSC) ground and air defense forces’
command and control, influences civilian populace
perceptions, and protects Corps’ critical information in the
AOR in order to facilitate destruction of 1st OSC forces.
DETECTION
Discover or discern the existence, presence, or
fact of an intrusion into information systems.
Combined Information Overlay
IO Objectives:
•
Disrupt 1st OSC AD C2 in order to prevent coordinated
engagement of XX Corps’ deep attacks.
•
Destroy 1st OSC headquarters in order to neutralize
command and control between battlezone and reserve
forces.
•
Disrupt operational reserve CPs and communication
nets in order to delay employment of reinforcing or
counterattack forces.
•
Influence civilian populace in occupied areas in order to
minimize interference with XX Corps’ operations.
•
Deny SPF detection and identification of XX Corps’
main and tactical CPs in order to prevent targeting by
1st OSC artillery fires.
RESTORATION
Bring information systems back to their original
state.
External info flow & influence
from neighboring country
Info Sub-Environment A: Northern Plains
• Populace: Group X Majority (80%)
• Info flow: Primary info source is outside country
• Info infrastructure: Underdeveloped & dilapidated
• Support: Largely anti-government regime
•
Favors friendly force operations
RESPONSE
React quickly to an adversary’s information
operations attack or intrusion.
(FM 3-13)
I
nfo Sub-Environment B: Central Mountains
• Populace: Sparsely populated by Group Y
• Info flow: Information vacuum
• Info infrastructure: Canalized along ground LOCs
• Support: Ambivalent toward government-regime
•
No significant impact on friendly force operations
Possible IO Tasks (Non-Doctrinal)
Control
Counter
Counter-Recon
Defeat
Delay
Demonstrate
Destroy
Deter
Engage
Fix
Inform
Interdict
Isolate
Jam
Neutralize
Persuade
Prevent
Protect
Secure
Suppress
Info Sub-Environment C: Southern Plains
• Populace: Densely populated by Group Y (95%)
• Info flow: Follows ground LOCs
• Info Infrastructure: Well developed info infrastructure;
supports military C2; key nodes in cities
• Support: Strong support for current government regime
•
Favors enemy operations
Civilian info infrastructure must
be interdicted to reduce threat
advantage
Coax Roads Key Nodes Info Flow
Graphic portrayal of information environment
Note: Italicized tasks are proposed IO tactical tasks.
Mission to Task Products
Offensive IO Effects
Example Course of Action Sketch
(Deliberate Attack Mission)
How IO will support the
command’s mission
(Who, What, Where,
When, Why)
What IO will do to affect
the info environment
(Effect, Object of Effect
[Target], Purpose of
the Effect)
IO Mission Statement
Map of AO with
locations of IO tasks
IO concept of support:
objectives and tasks
(for this mission)
EFFECTS DESCRIPTIVE EXPLANATION
DESTROY
Physically render adversary information useless
or INFOSYS ineffective unless reconstituted.
IO Objectives
Information Superiority:
1st OSC unable to conduct
synchronized reaction to the Coalition main attack.
IO Objectives:
• Destroy 1
st
OSC C2 IOT neutralize C2 between
battlezone and reserve forces.
• Influence populace IOT minimize interference with
Coalition operations.
IO Element Tasks:
PD:
1. Destroy Corps and Division CPs.
2. Destroy forwards observers and recon in zone.
EW :
3. Jam Corps-Division C2 nets.
PSYOP :
4. Inform populace of coalition intentions, location
of HA, and DC routes and camps.
5. Employ TPT in direct support of maneuver units.
Civil Affairs:
6. Distribute HA to DC camps.
Public Affairs:
7. Publicize Coalition role in HA support.
XX
5
5
DISRUPT
Break or interrupt the flow of information
between selected C2 nodes.
2
2
4
1
3-5 Objectives per Phase.
Caution:
Each IO Objective
generates a Wargaming
Worksheet.
1
3
4
SPF
4
6
DEGRADE
Reduce the effectiveness or efficiency of
adversary command and control systems, and
information collection efforts or means.
7
4
6
7
XX
7
Tasks to IO Elements
What actions the
elements will perform to
execute the info op
(Task, Purpose)
6
1
4
3
DENY
Withhold information about Army force
capabilities and intentions that adversaries
need for effective and timely decision making.
I
E W
4
XXX
I
E W
3
1
TAC
XXX
Tasks to Units
Task, Purpose
3
DECEIVE
Mislead adversary decision makers by
manipulating their understanding of reality.
1
Main
How the info operation
will be conducted
(Cdr’s Intent for IO,
Info Superiority for the
Operation, General Plan
for IO, Priority of Support,
Restrictions on the
Employment of IO)
Time Line Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
EXPLOIT
Gain access to adversary command and control
systems to collect information or to plant false
or misleading information.
PD
EW
PSYOP
CA
PA
1
2
3
4
5
6
IO Concept of Support
7
IO Assessment
INFLUENCE
Cause adversaries or others to behave in a
manner favorable to Army forces.
Timeline (by phase) of IO task execution
(FM 3-13)
U.S. Army, 1
st
Information Operations Command (Land) product
updated by EWA-IIT (Garry Beavers)
2
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