us army explosives and demolitions manual, [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
19-CommercialExplosives
Commercial Explosives
I have included here the essentials of the US Army FM 5-
250. Take the time to read this, it is like an undergraduate
degree in explosive demolitions. This manual describes the
characteristics and proper use of every type of explosive in
military use today. The sections on specific demolition
operations, such as destroying bridges, contain a wealth of
information necessary to the White separatist. This Field
Manual is reproduced
without
permission.
1.
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FM 5-250
Chapter 1
Military Explosives
Section I. Demolition Materials
1-1. Characteristics. To be suitable for use in military
operations, explosives must have certain properties. Military
explosives—
- Should be inexpensive to manufacture and capable of being
produced from readily available raw materials.
- Must be relatively insensitive to shock or friction, yet be able
to positively detonate by easily prepared initiators.
- Must be capable of shattering and must have the potential
energy (high energy output per unit volume) adequate for the
purpose of demolitions.
- Must be stable enough to retain usefulness for a reasonable
time when stored in temperatures between -80 and +165
degrees Fahrenheit.
- Should be composed of high-density materials (weight per
unit volume).
- Should be suitable for use underwater or in damp climates.
- Should be minimally toxic when stored, handled, and
detonated.
1-2. Selection of Explosives. Select explosives that fit the
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particular purpose, based on their relative power. Consider all
characteristics when selecting an explosive for a particular
demolition project.
Table 1-1 contains significant information regarding many of
the explosives described below.
1-3. Domestic Explosives.
a. Ammonium Nitrate. Ammonium nitrate is the least sensitive
of the military explosives. It requires a booster charge to
successfully initiate detonation. Because of its low sensitivity,
ammonium nitrate is a component of many composite
explosives (combined with a more sensitive explosive).
Ammonium nitrate is not suitable for cutting or breaching
charges because it has a low detonating velocity. However,
because of its excellent cratering affects and low cost,
ammonium nitrate is a component of most cratering and
ditching charges. Commercial quarrying operations use
ammonium nitrate demolitions extensively. Pack ammonium
nitrate in an airtight container because it is extremely
hydroscopic (absorbs humidity). Ammonium nitrate or
composite explosives containing ammonium nitrate are not
suitable for underwater use unless packed in waterproof
containers or detonated immediately after placement.
b. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate (PETN). PETN is a highly
sensitive and very powerful military explosive. Its explosive
potential is comparable to cyclonite (RDX) and nitroglycerin.
Boosters, detonating cord, and some blasting caps contain
PETN. It is also used in composite explosives with
trinitrotoluene (TNT) or with nitrocellulose. A PETN-
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nitrocellulose composite (Ml 18 sheet explosive) is a
demolition charge. The PETN explosive is a good underwater-
demolition because it is almost insoluble in water.
1-1
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c. Cyclotrimethlenetrinitramine (RDX). RDX is also a highly
sensitive and very powerful military explosive. It forms the
base charge in the M6 electric and M7 nonelectric blasting
caps.
When RDX is desensitized, it serves as a subbooster,
booster, bursting charge, or demolition charge.
The principal use for RDX is in composite explosives, such as
Composition A, B, and C explosives. RDX is available
commercially under the name cyclonite.
d. Trinitrotoluene. TNT is the most common military explosive.
It maybe in composite form, such as a booster, a bursting, or
a demolition charge, or in a noncomposite form. Since TNT is
a standard explosive, it is used to rate other military
explosives.
e. Tetryl. Tetryl is an effective booster charge in its
noncomposite form and a bursting or a demolition charge in
composite forms. Tetryl is more sensitive and powerful than
TNT. However, RDX- and PETN-based explosives, which
have increased power and shattering effects, are replacing
tetryl and composite explosives containing tetryl.
f. Nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is one of the most powerful high
explosives. Its explosive potential is comparable to RDX and
PETN. Nitroglycerin is the explosive base for commercial
dynamites. Nitroglycerine is highly sensitive and extremely
temperature-sensitive. Military explosives do not use
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