vajrakilaya, Nyinmapa [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
THE
'VA.R4KK,AYA
SADHANA:
AN
EURO-AMERICAN
EXPEUENCE
OF
A
NYINGMA RITUAL
BY
Elizabeth Cleland, B.A.
A thesis
submitted to
the
Faculty of Graduate Studies
and
Research
in
partiai
fùtfillment of
the requirements
for
the
degree of
Master of
Arts
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
Carleton
University
Ottawa,
Ontario
January 15,200
1
@O0
1, Elizabeth Cleland
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autorisation,
The emergence of an obscure Tibetan wathful deity ritual, "The Extrernely
Secret Vajrakitayu" of the Palyul Zineage, in Norîh American culture is îraced
through the movement of Nyingma
lamas
living
in
diaspora Since the
mid
1960's,
Buddhism hus grown exponentiaUy in North America.
Part
of
this
growth
cmbe
amibuted to Asian immigration,
but
a
signifcant
and
inmentialportion of North
American Buddhists are Euro-Americam seeking medifation techniques thal
engage unconsciouspsychic energies
and
cognitive potentios for healing and
hansfomation. This thesis e-plores the reusonsfor Euro-American engagement
with
Vajrnyaa
(Tibetan
Buddhism), while
a
questionnaire and a series
of
in-depth
interviews focus on Euro-Arnericam
'
subjective eperience of one particutar ritual,
the Vajrakilayasadhana
.
Cd
G.
Jung's
concepts
of
mystical experience,
individuation, and libido anulogues, as well
as
biogenetic structuralisrn serve
as
a
bads
for coding and analpyzrng
data
1
would Me to
lhank
my
superuisor, Dr.
Iun
PrattiS, for his patience
and gentle encouragement when
my
confidence
was
lagging, and
Dr, CharlesLaughlinfor his timely and insightjiul cornments when
my
thinkinggot rather
'tfuzzv".
Also, I would like
to
thank
Angela
Sumegi
for
introducing me to
Penor
Rinpoche, Khenpo Tsawmg
Gyatso, and orher members of
the
Pal'Sangha Without her
kind
assiftance,this researchproject would not have beenpossible.
FinaZZy, I would like to thnkmy family:
my
son, Burke, for his great
seme of humour thar helped me keep things inperspective,
my
daughter,
T'.ciel,
for inspiring me
to
realize
rny
dreams, and
my
husband,
Glen,
for
monitoringphone caZZs, keeping
the
coffeo
fiesh,
and
mah-ng
the
late nightphotocopy
runs.
nank
you al[.
I
feel
tndy
blessed
CONTENTS
2.0
Pluralisrn, Postmodernism,
und
the
...........
.....
Global CulturaC
Supermur&
18
2.
(c)
The
Euro- American
Buddhist:
.....
..........
..
........
..
A
Kypothet
ica
f
ProfiIe
27
2.
(4
The Gnostic
CInder~urrenrs
of
Western
Buddh
ism,
...........................................
35
3.
THE
VAJRAKILYA
SADHANA
3.
(0)
The
Nyingmu
S.
Taniric
Heritage
............
-45
3-
(b)
The
Empowerment
...................................
67
3.
(cl
The
Vujrakiluyu
Sudhana..
.....................CI.
73
THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE
VAJRMLAYA
SADHAMA:
THE
E
UR
O-MRICAN
EPE'ENCE
.................
4
88
CONCLUSION
........................
,...
........
5.
104
Appendix
A (Questionarie)
.............................
Appendix B
(Consent
Form).
....
.. .....................
Appendix
C
(List
of lforman~s)
......................
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